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Salaspils concentration camp
Salaspils concentration camp was established at the end of 1941 at a point southeast of Riga (Latvia). The Nazi bureaucracy drew distinctions between different types of camps. Officially, Salaspils was a Police Prison and Work Education Camp (''Polizeigegfängnis und Arbeitserziehungslager''). It was also known as camp Kurtenhof after the German name for the city of Salaspils. Planning for the development of the camp and its prisoner structure changed several times. In 1943, Heinrich Himmler briefly considered converting the camp into an official concentration camp (Konzentrationslager), which would have formally subordinated the camp to the National Security Main Office (''Reichssicherheitshauptamt'' or RSHA), but nothing came of this.〔 Angrick, Andrej, and Klein, Peter, ''Die „Endlösung“ in Riga.'', (English: ''The Final Solution in Riga'') pp. 201, 246, 254-255, 256-57, 269, Darmstadt 2006, ISBN 3-534-19149-8〕
==Original plan==
In October 1941, SS-Sturmbannführer Rudolf Lange began planning a detention camp to be built at Salaspils to confine people arrested in Latvia by the police and also to house Jewish people deported from Germany and other countries to Latvia. Lange, who originally was the coordinator of Special Assignment Group A (''Einsatzgruppe A''), a mobile squad of killers, started a new job in December 1941 as commander of both the security police (''Sicherheitspolizei'') in Latvia and also of the Security Service (''Sicherheitsdient''). The place selected, near the city of Salaspils, was readily accessible from the main railway connecting Riga and Daugavpils, the two largest cities in Latvia. The plan was to work the prisoners harvesting peat and also, as part of what soon became known as the Final Solution, to separate Jewish men from Jewish women to prevent them from having children. In February 1942 Lange, probably because of his deeds in Latvia, became a participant in the Wannsee Conference where the final plans for the murder of the Jews of Europe were established by the Nazi hierarchy.〔Angrick, Andrej, and Klein, Peter, ''Riga 1941-1944'', at p.197, referenced in Ueberschär, Gerd R., ''Orte des Grauens -- Verbrechen im Zweiten Weltkrieg'', (English: ''Places of Horror -- Crime in the Second World War''), Darmstadt 2003, ISBN 3-89678-232-0〕
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